A dose dependent increase in photoreceptor layer disorganization and iris melanin hyperpigmentation was verified, and high frequencies of RPE invaginations and iris epithelial cell atrophy were observed even at the lowest exposure concentration of 15.8 ng Sn L‐1. Histopathological analysis of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) indicated alterations in pigment positioning at all TBT concentrations. After exposure, swimming, feeding, growth and eye histological endpoints were evaluated. Six‐day‐old Poecilia vivipara were exposed for 7 days to control water and waterborne TBT at 15.8, 83.8, 716 and 818 ng Sn L‐1. The tropical estuarine guppy Poecilia vivipara was used to address fish early life stage toxicity caused by the antifouling contaminant tributyltin (TBT). Has ongoing ecotoxicological relevance globally. The recent spread into developing countries indicates that organotin contamination Regulations, ecotoxicologically relevant contamination of marine ecosystems is persisting, particularly Alarge variety of organisms, in particularĮarly life stages, are susceptible to low TBT concentrations of afew 100ng L−1.īioaccumulation leads to significant residues in aquatic biota including marine mammals. Recently,Īlso androgenic activity of TBT in fish was reported. Present TBT levels in harbors and adjacent areas are still in the range of effect levels. (imposex) at ng L−1 levels leading to population declines. Sediment is very slow under anaerobic conditions and remobilization occurs via mixing and dredging.Įcotoxicological effects occur globally in marine gastropods, which are affected by masculinization Paints in small vessels and remains widespread in sediments and marine biota. Contamination decreased only slowly several years after regulation of antifouling In the last decade, organotin pollution has spread (TBT) in antifouling paints on large vessels. Of harbors and areas with high shipping activities occurs globally due to the ongoing use of tributyltin Organotins belong to the most toxic pollutants for aquatic life known so far.
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